CPA Summer School 2015
More Information
Important Dates
Deadline to Apply: March 31, 2015 by midnight EST
Deadline for Summer School Deposit: April 30, 2015
Deadline for Remaining Summer School Fees: May 15, 2015
The Application
Please complete the Application Form and send it as a PDF to caribphil@gmail.com by March 31st before midnight EST.
Who Should Apply
While our target audience for the CPA Summer School at UCONN is graduate students at all stages, advanced undergraduates, faculty, and independent scholars are also very welcome to participate.
For members of the CPA, philosophy is conceived, not as an isolated academic discipline, but as rigorous theoretical reflection about fundamental problems faced by humanity. Understood in this way, Caribbean philosophy is a transdisciplinary form of interrogation informed by scholarly knowledges as well as by practices and artistic expressions that elucidate fundamental questions that emerge in contexts of discovery,conquest, racial, gender, and sexual domination, genocide, dependency, and exploitation as well as freedom, emancipation, and decolonization. Reflection about these areas often appears in philosophical texts, but also in a plethora of other genres such as literature, music, and historical writings. The CPA invites theoretical engagements with all such questions, thematic areas, and genres with emphasis on any given discipline or field, but with a common interest in shifting the geography of reason,by which we mean approaching the Caribbean and the Global South in general as zones of sustainable practices and knowledges.
Logistics and Fees
May 31-June 6 Housing Meals Field Trips/Celebration School Fees
Graduate Students $305 $250 $45 $600
Advanced Undergraduates $305 $250 $45 $600
Faculty $305 $250 $45 $800
UCONN Graduate Students $0 $0 $30 $15
UCONN Undergraduates $0 $0 $30 $15
UCONN Faculty $0 $0 $45 $30
If you will be flying to UCONN, you should fly into Hartford’s Bradley Airport on May 31st by 2p.m. and fly from there on June 6th after 2p.m. We will arrange to pick you up. You can also take the bus or train into Hartford’s Union Station.
The Certificate of Completion
Everyone who participates in the full week of the CPA Summer School at UCONN will receive a certificate of completion at the end of the summer school.
The Week’s Main Activities
May 31st:
Arrive at UCONN
PM: Opening Session with CPA Summer School Conveners (Jane Anna Gordon, Lewis Gordon, Michael Monahan, and Neil Roberts), Oak 438
Dinner at El Instituto, Storrs Campus
June 1st:
Breakfast, Storrs Campus
AM: “What the Jaguar Saw: Why Only Amerindians Can Save our Modern Soul,” a public lecture by Oscar Guardiola-Rivera in Class of 1947 Room, Homer Babbidge Library
Lunch, Storrs Campus
PM: A seminar with Oscar Guardiola-Rivera engaging What if Latin America Ruled the World?, Oak 438
Visit to the Archives & Special Collections at the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, hosted by Graham Stinnett, to view the Alternative Press, Human Rights, and Puerto Rican Collections
Dinner, Storrs Campus
June 2nd:
Breakfast, Storrs Campus
AM: A seminar with Oscar Guardiola-Rivera on Story of a Death Foretold, Oak 438
Lunch, Storrs Campus
PM: “The Roots of Africana Political Philosophy,” a public lecture by Paget Henry, Oak 408
A Visit with Dr. Willena Price at UCONN's African American Cultural Center
Dinner, Storrs Campus
June 3rd:
Breakfast, Storrs Campus
AM: Tour of the Harriet Beecher Stowe and Mark Twain Houses
Lunch, Storrs Campus
PM: A public discussion with Paget Henry and Lewis Gordon on Afro-Caribbean Philosophy at the Stowe House
Exploring Historic and Contemporary Caribbean Hartford, including the Walking Tour of Puerto Rican Hartford
June 4th:
Breakfast, Storrs Campus
AM: A seminar with Paget Henry on Africana Phenomenology, Oak 438
Lunch, Storrs Campus
PM: “The Vertical Revolution and Political Spirituality,” a public lecture by Drucilla Cornell, Class of 1947 Room, Homer Babbidge Library
“Successfully Mentoring Historically Underrepresented Students through to the Ph.D.: Lessons from UCONN,” a discussion featuring Charmane Thurmand, Graduate Diversity Officer, Graduate School UCONN (with refreshments and snacks), Oak 438
Dinner, Storrs Campus
June 5th:
Breakfast, Storrs Campus
AM: A seminar with Drucilla Cornell on The Philosophy of the Limit, Oak 438
Lunch, Storrs Campus
PM: A seminar with Drucilla Cornell on Law and Revolution in South Africa, Oak 438
Visit to UCONN’s Rainbow Center with Fleurette King
Summer School Celebration at the Gordon’s Home
June 6th:
Breakfast, Storrs Campus
AM: “Teaching Caribbean Philosophy Now,” a roundtable discussion with Drucilla Cornell, Paget Henry, Oscar Guardiola-Rivera, Jane Anna Gordon, Lewis Gordon, Michael Monahan, and Neil Roberts, Oak 438
Lunch, Storrs Campus
PM: Depart from UCONN
Featured Guests and Conveners
Drucilla Cornell is Professor of Political Science, Comparative Literature and Women’s & Gender Studies at Rutgers University the State University of New Jersey; Professor Extraordinaire at the University of Pretoria, South Africa; and a visiting professor at Birkbeck College, University of London. She received her Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in Philosophy and Mathematics from Antioch College in 1978, and her Juris Doctor (J.D.) from University of California Los Angeles Law School in 1981. All of Cornell’s diverse work is dedicated to thinking the possibility of a more just future through political and legal philosophy, feminism, and critical theory. Cornell is perhaps best known for her numerous interventions into feminist legal philosophy: Beyond Accommodation: Ethical Feminism, Deconstruction and the Law (1991); Transformations: Recollective Imagination and Sexual Difference (1993); The Imaginary Domain: Abortion, Pornography and Sexual Harassment (1995); and At The Heart of Freedom: Feminism, Sex, and Equality (1998). In these texts, Cornell moves beyond feminist debates over formal equality to develop the original concept of “the imaginary domain” which positions feminism as a fundamentally ethical project oriented toward the re-imagination of sexual difference through law, politics and aesthetics. Cornell is also widely known for her highly influential work in deconstruction, most notably The Philosophy of the Limit (1992), in which she argues for the political and ethical significance of Jacques Derrida’s work. These attempts to rethink law and jurisprudence as the opening of the possibility of justice led Cornell to her later works: Just Cause: Freedom, Identity and Rights (2000); Defending Ideals: War, Democracy, and Political Struggles (2004); Moral Images of Freedom: A Future for Critical Theory (2008); and Symbolic Forms for a New Humanity: Cultural and Racial Reconfigurations of Critical Theory (co-authored with Kenneth Michael Panfilio, 2010). These texts draw upon feminist, Africana, and critical theory to argue for the importance of symbolic forms in the project of freedom, the preservation of dignity, and creating a new future for humanity. Cornell’s interest in the aesthetic is further brought out in Between Women and Generations: Legacies of Dignity (2004) and Clint Eastwood and Issues of American Masculinity (2009). In these texts she explores film and women’s personal narrative as crucial sites for the aesthetic reconfiguration of what it means to be human, both individually and collectively. Finally, Cornell’s work in South Africa from 2008 to the end of 2009, as the National Research Foundation Chair in Customary Law, Indigenous Values, and the Dignity Jurisprudence at the University of Cape Town and as co-founder and co-director of the uBuntu Project led to her most recent works uBuntu and the Law: African Ideals and Postapartheid Jurisprudence (co-edited with Nyoko Muvangua, 2011) and Law and Revolution in South Africa: uBuntu, Dignity and the Struggle for Constitutional Transformation (2014). Here, Cornell continues to build on her career-long project of reimagining law as a force of revolutionary ethical transformation by looking beyond the Euro-American intellectual tradition. The depth and range of Cornell’s visionary work has led to her being called “one of the last grand critical theorists of our time.” Prior to beginning her life as an academic, Cornell was a union organizer for a number of years. She worked for the UAW, the UE, and the IUE in California, New Jersey, and New York. She played a key role in organizing the conferences on deconstruction and justice at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law in 1989, 1990, and 1993 and has worked to coordinate Law and Humanities Speakers Series with the Jacob Burns Institute for Advanced Legal Studies and the Committee on Liberal Studies at the New School for Social Research. She is also a playwright and producer of the documentary film, uBuntu Hokae. Cornell received the Frantz Fanon Outstanding Book Award from the CPA in 2008 for Moral Images of Freedom: A Future for Critical Theory, published by Fordham University Press.
Paget Henry is Professor of Sociology and Africana Studies at Brown University. Founder and editor of The C. L. R. James Journal, Henry is also an external examiner for the University of the West Indies and the University of Guyana. Henry has presented papers in North America, the Caribbean, Europe, and Africa and organized several major international conferences on such topics as C.L.R. James’s Years in the U.S. and on Democracy and Development in the Caribbean. In 2003, The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education recognized him as 26th of the 30 most quoted black scholars in the humanities. Henry is the co-editor (with Paul Buhle) of C. L. R. James’s Caribbean (Duke University Press, 1992) and author of Peripheral Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Antigua (Transaction Books, 1985), Caliban’s Reason: Introducing Afro-Caribbean Philosophy (Routledge, 2000) which received the 2003 Frantz Fanon Award of the Caribbean Philosophical Association, and Shouldering Antigua and Barbuda: The Life of V.C. Bird (Hansib, 2010). He is currently completing a book tentatively entitled, Further Studies in Caliban’s Reason: Africana Phenomenology and Political Economy.
Oscar Guardiola Rivera is a London-based Colombian writer and philosopher. He is the author of the critically acclaimed What If Latin America Ruled the World?, which won the Franz Fanon Outstanding Book Award, and more recently of the title Story of a Death Foretold (Bloomsbury, 2013). Both books have been included on the Books of the Year list in 2010 and 2013, respectively, published by such reputed newspapers as the Financial Times and The Observer. Story of a Death Foretold has been well received by critics and reviewers in The Washington Post, The Nation, The Observer and Booklist, among others. It has been shortlisted for the 2014 Bread & Roses Prize, which awards outstanding publishing of a critical nature. Together with top intellectuals Richard Dawkins, Marcus du Sautoy, and Simon Schama, Guardiola-Rivera has taken part in the Hay Levels Project. Developed in association with the reputed Hay Festivals, the project consists of a series of short films aimed at young adults that seeks to introduce them to some of the most central topics of our time in Philosophy, Economics, Mathematics, and the Sciences. Guardiola-Rivera is a regular in the literary festival circuit, with appearances at Southbank in London, the Hay, Bath and Jaipur Literary festivals, and the Edinburgh Book Festival. He has a widespread media presence, writing as a columnist for The Guardian and El Espectador, collaborating in various radio stations such as Monocle Radio and the BBC World Service, as well as on television. He is also a blogger for Kindle Magazine India and Telesur English. He teaches Law and Philosophy at Birkbeck College, University of London.
Jane Anna Gordon, a specialist in Africana political, social, and educational thought, modern and contemporary European social and political theory, methodologies in the social sciences, and contemporary slavery, is Director of Graduate Studies in the Department of Political Science and Associate Professor in Political Science and Africana Studies at the University of Connecticut at Storrs. Her first book, Why They Couldn’t Wait: A Critique of the Black-Jewish Conflict over Community Control in Ocean Hill-Brownsville (RoutledgeFalmer 2001), was listed by the Gotham Gazette as one of the four best recent books on civil rights. She is co-editor with Lewis R. Gordon of Not Only the Master’s Tools (Paradigm, 2006) and of The Companion to African American Studies, which was the NetLibrary Book of the Month in February 2007. She is also the co-author of Of Divine Warning: Reading Disaster in the Modern Age and author of Creolizing Political Theory: Reading Rousseau through Fanon (Fordham, 2014). Her articles have appeared in Africa Development, Critical Philosophy of Race, The C.L.R. James Journal: A Review of Caribbean Ideas, Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy, Journal of Contemporary Thought, The Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies, Journal of Political Theology, Journal of Asian and African Studies, Performance Research, SOULS, and Philosophical Studies in Education. Her recent essay, “Theorizing Contemporary Practices of Enslavement: A Portrait of the Old and New,” won the American Political Science Association 2012 Foundations in Political Theory Best Paper Prize. She is President of the Caribbean Philosophical Association.
Lewis Gordon is an Afro-Jewish philosopher, political thinker, educator, and musician (drums and piano), who was born on the island of Jamaica and grew up in the Bronx, New York, where he attended Evander Child’s High School, played jazz in NY night clubs, and went to Lehman College under the Lehman Scholars Program (LSP) where he graduated with honors in political science and philosophy as a member of the Chi chapter of Phi Beta Kappa. His undergraduate mentor and lifetime friend, Gary Schwartz, with whom he also studied Greek and ancient literature, was Director of the LSP. Gordon then taught social studies at Lehman High School, where he founded The Second Chance Program for In-school Truants and then studied for his doctorate at Yale University, where he met his graduate mentor, the great Maurice Natanson, a phenomenologist and existentialist who was also a child of Yiddish theater in Brooklyn, New York, and whose mentor was Alfred Schutz, the great Austrian Jewish phenomenologist of the social sciences. Gordon’s research in philosophy is in Africana philosophy, philosophy of existence, phenomenology, social and political philosophy, and philosophy of science. His philosophy and social theory have been the subjects of many studies in a variety of disciplines. While he has written on problems of method and disciplinary formation in the human sciences, Gordon has more recently devoted attention to problems in philosophy of physics, especially through a series of ongoing discussions and research projects with Stephon Alexander, who teaches physics at Dartmouth College. In addition to theories of social transformation, decolonization, and liberation, Gordon’s research in social and political philosophy also addresses problems of justice and its normative scope. As a public intellectual, Gordon has written for a variety of political forums, newspapers, and magazines such as truthout (on which he now serves as a member of the Board of Directors), the Pambazuka News, the Johannesburg Salon, and The Mail & Guardian, and has lectured across the globe, founded and co-founded book series, journals and organizations, including, with Paget Henry, the past Routledge series Africana Thought and, with Jane Anna Gordon, the Rowman & Littlefield International series Global Critical Caribbean Thought, the journal Radical Philosophy Review and the Caribbean Philosophical Association, of which he was the first president (2003 to 2008). He also participates in several international research groups such as Thinking Africa at Rhodes University in South Africa, The Center for Caribbean Thought in Mona, Jamaica, The Institute for the Study of Dutch Slavery in Amsterdam, The Factory of Ideas in Salvador, Brazil, The Forum on Contemporary Theory in Baroda India, The Humanities Institute at the Birkbeck College of Law, The Center for Global Studies and the Humanities (Decolonial Studies) at Duke University, The Erasmus Mundus Masters and the Critical Global Thought Doctoral Program at Toulouse, France, and The Käte Hamburger Centre for Advanced Study in Bonn, Germany. He recently accepted the Visiting Chair in Europhilosophy in the Department of Philosophy at Toulouse University and the Nelson Mandela Visiting Professorship at Rhodes University.
Michael Monahan joined Marquette University’s Philosophy faculty in 2003 after spending two years teaching at the University of Nevada Las Vegas. He completed his Ph.D. at the University of Illinois and earned his undergraduate degree at Purdue University. His teaching and research focuses on social and political philosophy, and issues of oppression and liberation (especially race and racism). He has published several articles on philosophy of race and political theory in journals including Philosophia Africana, Social Theory and Practice, Philosophy in the Contemporary World, and the Journal of Philosophy and Sport. His book, The Creolizing Subject: Race, Reason, and the Politics of Purity, published by Fordham University Press in 2011, offers a challenge to the contemporary discourse on the nature of race and racism, beginning with a re-reading of the history of 17th century Barbados and pointing ultimately toward a paradigm of liberation beyond “the politics of purity.” He is currently editing a book entitled Creolizing Hegel for the Creolizing the Canon series at Rowman and Littlefield International. Dr. Monahan attended the first meeting of the Caribbean Philosophical Association in 2004 in Barbados and has not missed a meeting since. He served as Vice-President of the organization from 2008-2013 and is now its Treasurer. He has also been studying martial arts for 16 years, and teaches them as well.
Neil Roberts received his Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Chicago with a specialization in political theory. A high school teacher, debate coach, and NCAA Division 1 soccer player at Brown University prior to graduate school, Roberts is the recipient of fellowships from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Social Science Research Council, and Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation as well as a member of the Caribbean Philosophical Association Board of Directors. His present writings deal with the intersections of Caribbean, Continental, and North American political theory with respect to theorizing the concept of freedom. He is the author of published and forthcoming articles, reviews, and book chapters in The Cambridge Dictionary of Political Thought, Caribbean Studies, Clamor magazine, The C.L.R. James Journal, Encyclopedia of Political Theory, Journal of Haitian Studies, New Political Science, Patterns of Prejudice, Perspectives on Politics, Philosophia Africana, Philosophy in Review/Comptes Rendus Philosophiques, Political Theory, Sartre Studies International, Shibboleths, Small Axe, Souls, and an anthology devoted to the thought of Sylvia Wynter. Roberts is co-editor of both the CAS Working Papers in Africana Studies Series (with Ben Vinson) and a collection of essays (with Jane Anna Gordon) on the theme Creolizing Rousseau (2014), and he is the recent guest editor of a Theory & Event symposium on the Trayvon Martin case. In addition to being Chair of CPA Publishing Partnerships that includes The C.L.R. James Journal and books with Rowman and Littlefield International, he is author of Freedom as Marronage (The University of Chicago Press, 2015). Roberts is presently completing A Political Companion to Frederick Douglass for The University Press of Kentucky.
Summer School Readings
Please purchase and bring these texts with you to UCONN. We will send a PDF of “Africana Phenomenology: Its Philosophical Implications” with your acceptance letter.
Drucilla Cornell, Philosophy of the Limit. New York: Routledge, 1992.
Drucilla Cornell, Law and Revolution in South Africa: uBuntu, Dignity, and the Struggle for Constitutional Transformation. New York: Fordham University Press, 2014.
Paget Henry, Caliban’s Reason: Introducing Afro-Caribbean Philosophy. New York: Routledge, 2000.
Paget Henry, "Africana Phenomenology: Its Philosophical Implications" The C.L.R. James Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1 (2005): 79-112.
Oscar Guardiola-Rivera, What If Latin America Ruled the World?: How the South Will Take the North through the 21st Century. London: Bloomsbury Press, 2010.
Critical Acclaim for the Summer School Readings
On What if Latin America Ruled the World
Remarkable, stimulating and illuminating, What if Latin America Ruled the World? is unlike anything I’ve ever read. It makes the reader feel as if they are spinning in a time capsule through a kaleidoscopic virtual reality from one seminal event to another, from one Latin American country to another, and from there to London, New York, Los Angeles and Miami. This is the kind of book the world needs now, and Oscar Guardiola-Rivera is the perfect man to write it—a breathless rollercoaster ride that also offers a brilliantly creative approach to history and geography.
—Gerald Martin, author of Gabriel García Márquez: A Life
Oscar Guardiola-Rivera has written a smart, original, provocative, and timely book. He analyzes and pushes beyond the recent leftward turn in Latin American politics and in so doing he offers a hopeful new genealogy of the globalized present.
—Marcus Rediker, author of The Slave Ship: A Human History
Part historical reconstruction, part travelogue, part socio-political prognosis, this book is the single best work I have read on why the 21st century will be the “Century of the Americas,” and why the United State is undergoing a quiet and non-violent revolution that is remaking its demographics, as well as its political and economic institutions. Here you will read the history that you were never taught, and why Latin American economies and societies are some of the most vibrant and promising, notwithstanding centuries of exploitation, and why Hispanics are slowly unifying the continent with their post-racial-transnational-cosmopolitan citizenship. This book should be placed next to those of Arciniegas, Galeano, Paz, Ureña, and Zea. Next time Obama, or for that matter any head of state, visits Latin America, this is the book they should be given as a gift. It is certainly one that Hispanics should read if they are interested in why they should not think themselves, or allow themselves to be portrayed, as a problem, but rather as a promise, as a solution, as indispensable forgers of the “America” that is being fashioned for a new century.
—Eduardo Mendieta, Stony Brook University, author of Global Fragments: Latinamericanisms, Globalizations, and Critical Theory
On Store of a Death Foretold
From Publishers Weekly:
In this densely packed history, Latin American expert Guardiola-Rivera (What If Latin America Ruled the World?) provides an exhaustive study of the career of Salvador Allende, one-time president of Chile and the world's first and only democratically elected Marxist. In placing Allende's tenure as president and his eventual deposing by military coup into context, Guardiola-Rivera casts a wide net, exploring a myriad of factors that led to his election, including the revolutionary spirit personified by Che Guevara, and the inevitable involvement of the U.S. through the CIA and Henry Kissinger, among others. But this is more than a story about Allende; it is a far-ranging, passionate look at a suddenly important part of the world during a period of political turbulence, another battlefield in the Cold War and a front in an ideological clash between democracy and socialism. The author argues that, for all of Allende’s flaws and mistakes, his brief but vital reign as president was far superior to what replaced it. Guardiola-Rivera has produced one of the most comprehensive books on 20th-century Latin American politics.
From Booklist:
One of the saddest and most morally ambiguous episodes of the Cold War was the U.S.-supported military coup against Salvador Allende, the democratically elected Marxist president of Chile. The coup, which was supported by large segments of the population, ended Allende’s disastrous economic policies and, aided by Chicago School economic advisors, eventually revitalized the economy. But the price paid in political freedom was heavy, including massive repression and the murdering of thousands of regime opponents. Guardiola-Rivera convincingly describes Allende as a decent man attempting to usher in a benign form of democratic socialism. He was also naive and incapable of managing the forces, both on the Left and the Right, that he unleashed.
From Washington Post:
Fascinating… commendable for [its] originality and research.
From Library Journal:
[An] excellent analysis of Chile on the brink… A fascinating tale of intrigue and tragedy.
On Caliban’s Reason
Paget Henry refines the intellectual life of the Caribbean like an alchemist [which results] in a high level of sophistication and reflexivity. The result is both a revealing work of intellectual history, and a new impetus in philosophy.
–Randall Collins, author of The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change
...will provoke lively discussion and stimulate a healthy debate about the process and content of Caribbean creolization and philosophy.
–Roberto Marquez, William R. Kenan Professor of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Mount Holyoke College
...this volume is a cutting-edge contribution to the debate on African enthophilosophy..
–T.L. Lott, San Jose State University
On Philosophy of the Limit
This book is a major intellectual event. Nothing is more necessary and timely today than thinking through the possibility of a nonviolent relationship to the Other. The Philosophy of the Limit does just that. Learned, eloquent, passionate, rigorous, this book is not just a brilliantly original appropriation of Levinas, Lacan, and Derrida for legal studies, feminism, and frontier work in ethics. It also turns back from the perspective of legal theory to make a signal intervention in the domains of philosophy, literary theory, and cultural studies.
–J. Hillis Miller, University of California, Irvine
The book constitutes an important intervention in contemporary intellectual debates by showing the ethical and juridical relevance of trends which are often dismissed as amoral or destructive. By rephrasing Derridian deconstruction as philosophy of the limit, Cornell draws attention to what eludes our grasp: to alterity and the Other who is not at our disposal but demands our recognition and respect. Forging an innovative vista, Cornell integrates insights of Derrida, Adorno, Lacan, and Levinas (as well as recent jurisprudence), underscoring their significance for a transformative moral and legal practice. Splendidly argued and lucidly written, the book helps to refocus and reorient ongoing discussions about modernity and postmodernity.
–Fred Dallmayr, University of Notre Dame
The Philosophy of the Limit is a brilliant exercise in thinking through major themes of deconstruction. In her encounter with the representative critical thinkers of today, Drucilla Cornell challenges us to follow her complex arguments and powerful rhetoric up to the limits of thinking finitude.
–Agnes Heller, Hannah Arendt Professor of Philosophy, New School for Social Research
On Law and Revolution in South Africa
This book is a rare one-the reflections on philosophy, law, and political theory are profound and moving. Rather than reproduce the multiple stages of debate surrounding transitional justice--reconciliation vs. forgiveness, memory vs. forgetting--the author shifts the question toward what she calls ‘substantive revolution.’ This marks an advance in discussions of reconciliation and political life after massive, sustained spasms of violence. When one adds to that a significant dose of philosophy and critical theory- from Heidegger through contemporary political philosophers- the book takes on a new thread in theorizing transition and gives it real complexity. Substantive revolution is deepened by critical theory, critical theory is deepened by engagement with the concrete work of substantive revolution.
–John Drabinski, Amherst College